Road map and timetable of two-wheelers electrification in Greater Jakarta

• Motorcycles contribute to 15% of Jakarta’s transport sector’s GHG emissions. In 2018, there were 120 million motorcycles in Indonesia, representing 80% of all vehicles on the road
• The government has set a target to electrify 2.1 million motorcycles by 2025. Currently, the country’s electric motorcycle uptake is only 0.14%, due to capacity gaps, coordination between stakeholders, and a lack of incentives and government strategy for large-scale electrification and charging infrastructure development
• The project aims to support both government and industry in achieving the targets for EV uptake, and encouraging a shift to more sustainable energy sources to power the grid
• A key objective was improvement of GESI in the ride-hailing industry as motorcycle drivers are often from lower and lower-middle income groups, but also to explore opportunities for women and marginalised communities to enter the sector

To support a faster electric mobility shift in Jakarta, the project has delivered: 

• A roadmap and timetable to inform ride-hailing operators and the government on resources needed to fully electrify 2W ride-hailing fleets in Greater Jakarta, based on international best practices 
• Policy recommendations built on policy benchmarking across seven countries, benefitted from the input of the Ministry of Transport and Jakarta Transport Agency which increased support and buy-in 
• An analysis of the power grid to assess current supply and future electricity needs from EV deployment, which also includes a financial analysis of increasing renewable energy integration 

Additionally, a decision-making toolkit was developed, enabling the replication of the electrification strategy in other cities. It allows calculation of the resources required to electrify 2W ride-hailing fleets alongside an assessment of the environmental, social, and economic impact the electrification program would have on the society. 

The findings were presented and discussed with all relevant stakeholders such as ride-hailing operators, national and local governments, the state-owned utility company- PLN and other energy companies. This ensured buy-in and supported the bringing forward of the recommendations and strategy produced during the project and accelerate the electrification of 2W ride-hailing fleets in Greater Jakarta. 

The team set out to make GESI a focal point for the project to ensure the electrification strategy recommendation was robust and considered as many perspectives as possible.  

A participatory workshop was held with representatives of vulnerable groups to identify GESI issues in motorcycle usage and the transition to electric motorcycles. A ride-hailing drivers’ survey captured experience, needs, and aspirations from over 500 respondents, who were disaggregated by sex (90% male, 10% female) and disability status (2.2% with hearing disabilities and 0.2% with speech disabilities).   

Another workshop was designed to understand the perspectives and concerns of road users, especially women and other identified vulnerable groups to develop the Electric 2W Integration to Urban Traffic Guidelines. Around 53% of the 17 participants were women, and included 16 persons with disabilities such as hearing, visual, physical, speech and psychosocial.  

Field surveys and discussions with ride-hailing drivers, ride-hailing users and other road users targeted participation from women and persons with disabilities. Particular needs, concerns and preferences of these groups were identified to ensure the two-wheeler electrification strategy included diverse perspectives.  

The project has received growing support from counterparts already taking positive steps towards implementing the project’s recommendations e.g., ride-hailing operators committing to electrify their fleet by 2030. The government also committed to the electrification of all 2W fleets by 2040, with new regulations providing clearer incentives for EVs. 

If fully implemented, the proposed roadmap could deliver a GHG emissions reduction of up to 58.14%, or 2 million+ tonnes of CO₂ annually – and an assessment show that delivering this strategy equals a benefit-to-cost ratio value of 1.31, or Economic Net Present Value (ENPV) of Indonesian Rupiah 36.23 Trillion

Finally, an increase of women and persons with disabilities in the workforce as 2W ride-hailing drivers is projected, with an estimated share of female drivers increasing 38.22% by 2030.